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Ans. At room temperature Almira shows all the properties of solid like it has fixed shape and volume, it is rigid. So it is considered a solid.

Q.11)Why a swimmer cut water with his hand but to break solid like brick we need a karate expert?

Ans. Liquid has large spaces and less intermolecular force of attraction between particles but incase of solid there is little spaces and strong intermolecular force of attraction between the particles.

Q.12) Why smell of hot sizzling food reaches several meters away?

Ans. This is due to high rate of diffusion of hot food. At high temperature kinetic energy of particles increases which facilitate easier mixing of particles.

Q.13) What are properties of particle of matter?

Ans. (i) particles of matter are very small (ii) particles of matter are continuously moving (iii) particles of matter have space between them (iv) particles of matter attract each other.

Q.14) Write an activity to show particles of matter are very small.

Ans. Step1: Dissolve a few crystals of potassium permanganate in 100 mL of water to create a dark pink solution.

Step2: Transfer 10 mL of the solution to 90 mL of clear water in a different beaker. Repeat the dilution process 5–8 times.

Observation: Observe that the color of the solution gradually fades with each dilution, but it never completely disappears. This activity demonstrates that a small amount of potassium permanganate can color a large volume of water. So particles of matter are very small.

Q.15) With the help of an activity show that particles of matter attract each other.

Ans. Particles of matter attract each other but the extent of attraction differ matter to matter. We can explain this by following activity.

Step1: Take a stick of chalk, an iron nail and a piece of brick.

Step2: With help of hammer strike each of them one by one.

Observation: it will be observed that, the stick of chalks breaks easily, the piece of brick breaks breaks but not very easily and breaking the iron nail was the most difficult. If we take three states of matter solid particles have greatest force of attraction and gases have least.

Q.16) With the help of an activity show that particles of matter are continuously moving.

Ans. Activity1: Spray perfume in one corner of the room and go to the other corner, after sometime you can smell the perfume in that corner of the room too.

Activity2: The particles of gases produced by the burning of incense stick move rapidly in all directions, mix with the moving particles of air in the room.

By above two activities we can say that particles of matter are continuously moving. The movement of particles increases with increase in temperature. For example ink in hot water mixes more rapidly than in cold water.